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  • ื ื—ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉืืจ-ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขื•ื– ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ


ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช 1984 ืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ : ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ื— ื ื•ืจื™ืืœ.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1990 ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืคืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™, ื•ืžืื– ื”ืคืš ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืขื•ื– ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืืฆืœื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื, ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื, ืœืชื‘ื•ืœ ืœืฆื“ ื ื—ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืืก ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืฆื™ืžืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ื— ื ื•ืจื™ืืœ ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื•ืฆื ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืื™ืจื•ื— ื—ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื’.

"ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื›ื”ื•...ืฉืืจ

'ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ืืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ". ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•, ืคืจืง ื™', ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื'-ื›ื‘'.

ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืงื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1940 ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 30 ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช

ืžื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช "ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™" ื•"ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™". ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืงืจื ืชื—ื™ืœื”"ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื’." ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›"ืขืœื” ืจื™ื™ืฉ". ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 1948 , ื ื ื˜ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื• ืขืงื‘ ื”ื”ืคื’ื–ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืœ ืขื–ื–ื™ืืช, ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1949 ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืขืช "ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™" ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืขืœื• ืืจืฆื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืขื ืชื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืืจื™ื” ื–ื”ื•ืจื™, ืžืžืงื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืกื™ืคืจ ื›ื™ "ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื• ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ื‘ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื’ื–ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืงืจ ืœื ื•".

ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฆืœืคื• ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš 19 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชืœ-ืขื–ื–ื™ืืช ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1957 ืืฃ ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืืฃ ืจื“ื™ื• ื“ืžืฉืง ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ "ืœื” ืžื•ื ื“" ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื.

ืืš ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืฉ ืžืจื’ืžื•ืช. ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•. ื‘-9 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1967 ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื•ืœื ื™ ืืช ืชืœ-ืขื–ื–ื™ืืช ื•ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ืจื™ ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ ื ื•ืจื™ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ.

ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจ ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืข "ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื" ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1997, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกื•ืงื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื• ืžืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืจืฉืžื™ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฉื” ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ ืœืฆื“ ื ื—ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืืก ื”ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘.

ืžืื– ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืคืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื‘ืชื• ืœื ื—ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืืก, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื, ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ืืงื™ื, ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“; ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืืก ,ืชืœ ื“ืŸ ื ื—ืœ ืฉื ื™ืจ, ืื’ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“; ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื.


27 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

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